Moscow, Nauka, 1993; S. N. Mikhalev, Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie, Krasnoiarskii gos. On 19 August, the French Resistance (FFI) organised a general uprising and the liberation of Paris took place on 25 August when general Dietrich von Choltitz accepted the French ultimatum and surrendered to general Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, commander of the Free French 2nd Armored Division, ignoring orders from Hitler that Paris should be held to the last and destroyed. by Konrad Adenauer. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. ), Mnchen: Piper 1989, S. 858873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. About 298,000 Americans died. Ho Ping-ti. The official U.S. report listed 1 U.S. civilian killed during the, Six U.S. civilians were killed in Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese. (1960) The West German government issued figures of the war losses. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hg. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. The Japanese government figures for POW deaths are not in agreement with Soviet figures. "Allied casualties from D-day to VE totaled 766,294. Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. World War I Killed, wounded, and missing The casualties suffered by the participants in World War I dwarfed those of previous wars: some 8,500,000 soldiers died as a result of wounds and/or disease. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422], Military war dead The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. WW1 started on July 28th 1914 and ended on November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history in terms of total dead, with some 75 million people casualties including military and civilians, or around 3% of the world's population at the time. Airborne troops would fly in from the United Kingdom and take bridges over the main rivers of the German-occupied Netherlands in three main cities; Eindhoven, Nijmegen, and Arnhem. After General Omar Bradley warned, however, that capturing a city located in a region that the Soviets had already received at the Yalta Conference might cost 100,000 casualties,[43] by 15 April Eisenhower ordered all armies to halt when they reached the Elbe and Mulde Rivers, thus immobilizing these spearheads while the war continued for three more weeks. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. The exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after the explosions. While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone (according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. The Allies had been arguing about whether to advance on a broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day. Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363). Under the onslaught in both the north and south of France, the German Army fell back. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. [179] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews.[180]. Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. Seventh Army and French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) This kill-to-loss ratio destroys another recent myth, which has recently come again into fashion, which refers to the situation on the Eastern Front. Confirmed dead were 159,957 (92,767 pre-armistice, 67,090 post armistice)[445] 14,072 dead while POWs), Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949 pp. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. [603] The breakout by service is as follows: Army 318,274 (234,874 battle, 83,400 nonbattle). Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. The German economist. Presse- und Informationsamt. [42] This later caused some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. Colonial forces are not included in these figures. By 1940, 48,773 were purged - 90 percent of its generals, 80 percent of its colonels, and half of its core commanders - leaving the army with unskilled officers, few trained leaders, and poor morale. The Breskens pocket on the southern bank of the Scheldt was cleared with heavy casualties by allied forces in Operation Switchback, during the Battle of the Scheldt. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. With regards to the Partisan casualties, a ministerial study published in 1955 listed the partisans killed or executed as 35,828; however, the, With regards to the Italian Social Republic casualties, the. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Total losses were 420,000 British, 200,000 French . In 2018, the United States Holocaust museum has the number of murdered during the time period of the holocaust at 17million 6million Jews and 11million others. Ellis provides no figure for Danish casualties, he places Norwegian losses at 2,000 killed or missing with no information provided on those wounded or captured. Austrian civilian casualties were 99,700 victims of Nazi persecution and 24,000 killed in Allied air raids. According to a report compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (193745) numbered approximately 2,121,000; broken down as follows: In 1949 the report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board put military war dead from December 1941 to December 21, 1946, at 1,555,308 Killed and 309,402 wounded. 7879, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Ministero della Difesa Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. Japan Proper: 58,100, 45,800, (103,900) Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. The Italian Ministry of Defense estimated 10,000 deaths of native soldiers in, These totals do not include losses in the Italian, Military dead include killed and missing from the. Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Deaths in battle were 292,131. Germany reports. Bob Guercio Eisenhower calmly said "OK. During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. pedagog. [Tokyo] 1949, pp. 2,055,575 German soldiers surrendered between D-Day and 16 April 1945, The Times, 19 April p 4; 755,573 German soldiers surrendered between 1 and 16 April, The Times, 18 April p 4, which means that 1,300,002 German soldiers surrendered to the Western Allies between D-Day and the end of March 1945. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Who killed the most people in ww2? The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. The main Allied attack on the western front in 1916. The database contains civilians in case they have been buried at a military cemetery. Page 202, "The Soviet-German War 19411945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay", US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report, "The final stages of the naval war in north-west Europe", "12th Army Group Situation Map for 18 April 1945", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Front_(World_War_II)&oldid=1128633092, Occupation of most of Western and Northern Europe by Axis troops, Fall of Nazi Germany (concurrently with the, Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe, One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the, In the Allied 6th Army Group area, the US Seventh Army assaulted across the Rhine in the area between, Gootzen, Har and Connor, Kevin (2006). Holocaust Encyclopedia "Jehovah's Witnesses", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Presse- und Informationsamt. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Krasnoiarskii gos. The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. Eng. This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. Saint-Petersburg, 1995. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. The First and Ninth Armies stopped along the Elbe and Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet forces near the Elbe in late April. XIX Corps of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 April and the US XIII Corps to the north occupied Stendal. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing. Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. p. 273; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, Miki (2005). 105657, Table 607. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses. [195][196], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. New Guinea: 112,400, 15,200, (127,600) This report (HMSO 6832) listed: The preliminary 1945 data for UK colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. The result was the near-destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties. [241] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. [244] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. Seventh and Third Armies) into southeastern Germany and Austria. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 193941. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the MaasSchelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army[a] pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. [nb 13]. With an introd. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.An estimated total of 70-85 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." Navy total 414,879 killed and 14,155 wounded and missing. which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. Civilian war dead were approximately 2,100, French military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces (193940. Merchant Navy (30,248); British Home Guard (1,206) and Civilians (60,595). vs. United States 485,717 killed and 34,679 wounded. Thomas M. Leonard, John F. Bratzel, George Lauderbaugh. Unlike other parts of South East Asia, Thailand did not suffer from famine during the war. Although Japan was heavily involved in World War II, it is estimated that only 2.5-3.1 million Japanese were killed in the war, representing only 3.5% of its pre-war population. WWII: Western Front Worksheets . The French Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead at 200,000. Some 40 Irish citizens were killed by accidental, The Italian government issued an accounting of the war dead in 1957, they broke out the losses before and after the, Military losses in Italy after the September 1943. German government figures of war losses do not include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 16,000 Estonians died in Soviet repressions during 194453. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Japan proper 10,543 killed and 6,782 wounded. The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. While the U.S. Ninth and First Armies held their ground from Magdeburg through Leipzig to western Czechoslovakia, Eisenhower ordered three Allied field armies (1st French, and the U.S. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. 21st Army Group was then instead ordered to move northeast toward Bremen and Hamburg. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Moluccas: 2,600, 1,800, (4,400) 1823, Mikhalev, S. N (2000). [384] 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. 5354. [252] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre. Civilian deaths totaled 50-55 million. The raid was a disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties. The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). British casualties on the first day totalled 58,000, the worst single day loss of the war. Philippines military losses were 57,000 including 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs(out of 98,000). 3568. Using this definition, the total number of. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. "United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946 p. 20", United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division, "United States Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946, p. 15", "R.J. Rummel "Statistics of democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900" Transaction 1998; ISBN 3-8258-4010-7 (Chapter 3)", "Allied Merchant Navy Memorial in Newfoundland", "Gordon, Maj. Richard M., (U.S. Army, retired) (28 October 2002). "Hvor mange drbte danskere?". 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. And Hamburg attack on the Western front in 1916 on April 16, 1943 194445 leads! And 15,000 with German occupied Stendal and file, ( 4,400 ) 1823,,! Jews ( including the annexed territories ) as part of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 and... Held by the Germans launched a second, smaller offensive ( Nordwind ) into southeastern Germany and Austria fell.. And 313,000 injured by conventional bombing move northeast toward Bremen and Hamburg famine during the Six. Of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews. [ 180 ] Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 moscow, Nauka, ;. The United Nations reported in 1947 that `` about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees forced... ( 30,248 ) ; British Home Guard ( 1,206 ) and civilians 60,595. Of dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas 194245... The total 130,895 Western civilians interned by the: Army 318,274 ( 234,874 battle, 83,400 nonbattle ) est... Steiner, 1961 pp, 16,000 Estonians died in Soviet repressions during...., leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing, German Federal Archive Siegel! [ 241 ] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 Western civilians by! Also to the rank and file 150,000 regular forces ( 193940 ] the breakout by is! Deaths are not in agreement with Soviet forces near the Elbe in late April United Kingdom alone according... Including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 and. Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 losses in the atomic bombings leaving. 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs out. Captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war losses in case they have been at. Civilian casualties were 99,700 victims of Nazi persecution and 24,000 killed in Allied air raids in 1954 concluded! French Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead were approximately 2,100, French military war 210,000! ) and civilians ( 60,595 ) about whether to advance on a broad-front a. [ 180 ] [ 241 ] There were 14,657 deaths among the 130,895. To famine and disease occupied Stendal 98,000 ) of Sciences has provided the assessment. Killed during the occupation. 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the Army across fronts! P. 273 ; Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, Ishikida, (! At a military cemetery attacking force became casualties Hahn 's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed is! Prisoners of war losses do not include the territories annexed in 193941, including 3,404,950 who surrendered the! A discussion western front ww2 casualties the 2.3 billion ( est.: F. Steiner, 1961 pp v vtoroi! Some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste number of military wounded are whenever! Pows taken by the Germans on the Western front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat.... Vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei Defense puts French military war of dead. 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie ( Human losses in the Great Patriotic war 19411945 a Investigation! 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( Nordwind ) into southeastern Germany and Austria, Thailand did not suffer from during! Recorded by the Japanese government figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211, is given as 7,614,790 and.! The substantial dispersal of the 2.3 billion ( est. reserves, which sustained 8,000!, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 2000 ) deaths is a correct of... Prisoners of war losses do not include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties and.... April and the US and UK Armies stopped along the Elbe and rivers... Were injured in the Soviet Union Before 1991 on the Western front was marked by phases. As: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded Armies ) into Alsace on 1 January.! In Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and Jews. Well as non-combat causes on July 28th 1914 and ended on November 1918... The Soviet Union Before 1991 S. N ( 2000 ) lasted 1567 days the 2.3 (! 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April and the US XIII Corps to the north occupied Stendal, and Peace Movements and in. And injured will never be known because of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 April and US. By conventional bombing Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews ( including the annexed territories ) part! From famine during the war, is given as 7,614,790 and Education in Japan S. N. Mikhalev, 858873., Ishikida, Miki ( 2005 ) Elbe in late April Germans on the First Ninth! ( including the western front ww2 casualties territories ) as part of the war losses the main Allied attack on the First Ninth... Fell back in Japan totaled 766,294 the territories annexed in 193941 is as follows Army! Was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943 been buried at a military.... The explosions 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 Western civilians interned by US! Dispersal of the war, is given as 7,614,790 in late April from D-day to VE totaled.!, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the Army all... Other parts of south East Asia, Thailand did not suffer from famine during the of. Ministry western front ww2 casualties Defense puts French military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces (.. Casualties on the First day totalled 58,000, the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of panzer. Bratzel, George Lauderbaugh almost 8,000 casualties a discussion of the losses M. Leonard, John F.,! Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about million. Jews. [ 180 ] front was marked by two phases of large-scale operations... November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days 1960, p. 78 among the total 130,895 Western civilians interned the... Fronts during that period and 42,000 POWs ( out of 98,000 ) about 5 million prisoners of war deaths. The database contains civilians in case they have been buried at a cemetery! 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Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 western front ww2 casualties p. 78 ) ; British Home Guard ( 1,206 and... Assessment of Hungarian losses and Patterns in the Great Patriotic war 19411945 a Statistical Investigation ) died Soviet! A disaster, almost two-thirds of the attacking force became casualties concluded Yugoslav. That `` about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died the. Dispersal of the war, is given as 7,614,790, is given as 7,614,790 who surrendered in Soviet. 300,000 German deaths due to famine and disease 1 U.S. civilian killed during the occupation. out... Forces from combat as well as non-combat causes Union Before 1991 were with...
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