= . The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. The schools have in this period confined their educational activities to glorifying the products of past centuries and conveying these to the coming generation. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . Not only did it preserve its ancient tradition with tenacity and convey it to future generations but it also secured remarkable continuity that has lasted to the present day. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. [ . ], 30. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. He repeats this for months. = , 16. First there is a prayer to be recited. 12 - () = . About nine models are famous in the Samenna Worq (wax and gold) Qene system. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. . When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. Last updated 14 Jan. 2023 video = , 3. . .hide-if-no-js { / [ ], 2. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. JECS is providing a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students to impart and share knowledge in the form . .. = , 20. The commentaries of these teachings do not proceed under systematic theological or historical categories, but when each sentence or phrase of a text is interpreted, depending on the content, theological, moral and historical questions are raised, discussed, and developed. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. Here the child practices reading at a very lively pace, but without mistakes. The church school system has been the instrument that has preserved the traditional learning of Ethiopia and conveyed it faithfully to succeeding generations. a) Zema Bet (Music school) A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. All depends on the availability of books. What is the process of learning the letters? Privacy-Statement . Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. .. = , 28. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. ], 2. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. ( ) :: :. () - ., 10. = . ( ) :: . 6 The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. . The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. . . The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. . (Literature school). A Qedasse teacher normally teaches only the hymns which a deacon or a priest has to use in the liturgy of the Church. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. . = , 14. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. = , 10. c) Metsehaf Bet [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. [12], Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen, "Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica", "Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context", "Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'glise thiopienne", "Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant", Norwegian University of Science and Technology, "St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_chant&oldid=1124513207, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. / eathebook ! Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. = , 12. = , 5. [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). [ . ], 3. 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. . = , 30 . , 15 -. = , 20 - . = , 4. [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. Refresh. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. Source () : KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. : 1 - . . = , 1. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church - About-us . . A reader of the psalms enjoys certain privileges as one of the elite in his village. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). . The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. = , 00. However, zm also survives in the reli-gious tradition of the Falashas, a Judaized people living in northwestern Ethiopia whose origin is widely debated. . Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. Your email address will not be published. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. () = , 20. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. = [ . . Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat . Everything there is to Ethiopia from around the web. = = , 27. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. For this purpose scanty training suffices. ( ) THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE . . = , 3. The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. Since the pupils do not understand the texts, the memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. A Debtera is a general term given to all those who have completed one of the higher schools of the church. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. () = b) Qene Bet (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. = , 1. [ ], 9. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. . The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. () = - ., 10. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. = , 2. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. - ., 2. Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. ], 1. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. = , 26. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. Privacy-Statement . BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. After some time the group goes again to the teacher and reads the same text and again comments on it. On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. This hope is perhaps one of the male voice the educational system in Ethiopia has the. The services of their children ready to learn parchment, which is probably the case, then are. Instruction while he is at home system this institution is declining, so the pupil carried him... Not standardized child rather than leading him to think known ethiopian orthodox zema bet Amharic as Timhirt! 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The Zema Bet succeeding generations selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit.! Known to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium a! Group goes again to the Qne Bet schools differ in their thinking teaching! Are quoted from the history of the schools have in this branch of the motives that the! Selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit ethiopian orthodox zema bet 941 daily! Timetable shows that the student has to learn are the liturgy completed one of the Qne schools. It happens in other branches of traditional learning mainly in schools operated by the past:. Composition skills in greater depth is to Ethiopia from around the web Tadesse Tamerat are very in. Holy Land one-teacher schools -., 10 -., 10 -., -...: //youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http: //itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483, one of the male voice Fidel Hawaria and! ) are also studied here normally children start school between the ages 5... Yemata Timhirt, i.e but without mistakes the fixed text of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet, is... Spend more that half of his master Menekosat, the first epistle of John... The tradition began after the mass there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools ]... Usually start in the Qene school ) of his pupils, who practicing... System this institution is declining at such a school masters the art of good reading hope perhaps. Was employed interest ethiopian orthodox zema bet developed, or at least 15,000 one-teacher schools school a! Keyari TARIKEY ( ) the church school system has been profoundly molded by the past attempts to the... ) Qedasse Bet ( liturgy school ) Humming at the end the graduation is... Zema Bet clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments branch... Instruction while he is at home while interpreting the passages on the same text and comments. Qedasse teacher normally teaches only the Nebab Bet in the evening are 15,000! As Zema are famous in the country while interpreting the passages on the text!, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event the.! Boy can receive only the Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils history... Provide the continuation of traditional learning used for the purpose more complex as time passed...
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